We provide excretory products and their elimination practice exercises, instructions, and a learning material that allows learners to study outside of the classroom. We focus on excretory products and their elimination skills mastery so, below you will get all questions that are also asking in the competition exam beside that classroom.
List of excretory products and their elimination Questions
| Question No | Questions | Class |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The concentration of glucose in plasma is ( 100 mathrm{mg} / 100 mathrm{mL} ), and the GFR is 125 ( mathrm{mL} / mathrm{min.} ) How much glucose is filtered per minute? |
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| 2 | The longest loop of Henle is found in A. Kangaroo ratt B. Opposum c. Rhesus monkey D. Porcupine |
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| 3 | In housefly, the excretory organs are A. Nephridia B. Flame cells c. Malpighian tubules D. Kidneys |
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| 4 | When we say a nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidneys, we mean that (P) The kidney is made up of many nephrons. (Q) The filtration of blood that occurs in the kidneys is because of what the nephrons do. (R) Urea formation occurs in the nephrons. A. Only P and Q B. Only Q and R c. only ( mathrm{P} ) and ( mathrm{R} ) D. P, Q and R |
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| 5 | Nephrons are connected with A. Respiratory system B. Nervous system C. Circulatory system D. Excretory system |
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| 6 | Podocytes occur in A. Large intenstine B. Bowman’s capsule c. wall of capillaries D. Neck region |
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| 7 | Surgical removal of both the kidneys would result in death because A. Water will accumulate in blood B. Urea will not be excreted c. Immune response will be suppressed D. Glucose will be lost from the body |
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| 8 | Which of the following processes creates high osmotic pressure in uriniferous tubule? A. Active secretion of ( N a^{+} ) into efferent arteriole followed by Cl secretion B. Active ( N a^{+} ) absorption followed by Cl absorption C. Active secretion of ( C l^{-} ) and absorption of ( N a^{+} ) into efferent arteriole D. Active Cl absorption followed by absorption of ( N a^{+} ) |
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| 9 | Proximal convoluted tubule of nephron is responsible for A. Filtration of blood B. Maintenance of Glomerular Filtration Rate C. Selective reabsorption of glucose, amino acid, NaCl and water D. Reabsorption of salts only |
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| 10 | ( = ) ( = ) ( = ) ( = ) ( equiv ) ( 1=underbrace{x^{text {There }}} ) |
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| 11 | The urine under normal conditions does not contain glucose because A. The normal blood sugar is fructose. B. Glucose of blood is not filtered in the glomerulus c. Glucose in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in the uriniferous tubules D. Glucose in glomerular filtrate is converted into glycogen. |
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| 12 | When the blood urea and blood creatinine level are significantly high then the treatment of choice is A. Given suitable antibiotics B. Haemodialysis c. Kidney transplantation D. Steroids therapy |
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| 13 | Choose the correct statement from the following. A. Right kidney slightly lower than the left one due to stomach B. Left kidney slightly lower than the right one due to live c. Right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney due to liver D. Right kidney slightly upper than the left kidney due to liver |
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| 14 | A Malpighian body is constituted by A. Glomerulus only B. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule c. Glomerulus and Efferent vesse D. Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule and Efferent vessel |
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| 15 | What happens to glucose which enters the nephron along with filterate during excretion in human beings? State two vital functions of kidney. |
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| 16 | Urea and uric acid are | 11 |
| 17 | In peritoneal dialysis A. Blood is removed from the body and a natural filter is employed B. Blood is not removed from the body and a natural filter is employed C. Blood is not removed from the body and an artificial filter is used D. Blood is removed from the body and an artificial filter is employed |
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| 18 | Main component (quantity wise) of urine is. A. Urea B. Sodium c. water D. Creatine |
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| 19 | The water is reabsorbed under the influence of ADH. it is A. Active reabsorption B. obligatory reabsorption c. Facultative D. All of the above |
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| 20 | Urea is formed in A. Liver B. spleen c. Kidney D. Lungs |
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| 21 | The principal of nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised A. in kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver B. as well as eliminated by kidneys C. in liver and also eliminated by the same through bile D. in the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys. |
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| 22 | The interior of the urinary bladder is lined by A. Columnar epithelium B. Squamous epithelium c. Transitional epithelium D. Goblet cells |
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| 23 | Number of nephrons of a kidney is equal to A. Sum of Bowmans capsules and glomeruli B. Sum of Bowmans capsules and malpighian corpuscles C. Double the number of Bowmans capsule D. Equal to number of Bowmans capsules |
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| 24 | Urinary excretion of ‘Na’ is regulated by A. Anterior pituitary B. Posterior pituitary c. Adrenal cortex D. Adrenal medulla |
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| 25 | Vasopressin released from the neurohypophysis is mainly responsible for A. Facultative reabsorption of water through Henle’s loop B. Obligatory reabsorption of water through Bowman’s capsule C. Facultative reabsorption of water through DCT D. Obligatory reabsorption of water through PCT |
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| 26 | Renal rickets are bending of weight bearing long bones in A. Infants B. Young children c. Adolescents D. Elderly persons |
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| 27 | All of the following are the functions of the mammalian kidney, except A. Elimination of urea and other nitrogenous wastes B. Maintenance of water balance c. Manufacture of antibodies D. Regulation of salt excretion E. Formation of urine from glomerular filtrate |
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| 28 | The yellow colour of urine of the vertebrates is due to A. Cholesterol B. Urochrome c. Uric acid D. Melanin |
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| 29 | Diabetes is a disease in which the urine contains A. Sugar B. Salt ( c . ) Fat D. Protein |
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| 30 | Match the following and choose the correct option. ( mathbf{A} ) B. A- 4, B-1, C-2, D-3 C. ( A-4, B-1, C-3, D-4 ) D. ( A-4, B-2, C-3, D-4 ) |
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| 31 | Loop of Henle is concerned with A. Excretory system B. Reproductive system C. Nervous system D. Muscular system |
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| 32 | Match the columns and choose the correct option. |
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| 33 | consider the following statements each with one or two blanks. (i) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to (1) but allows transport of (2) (ii) (3) and (4) play a significant role in producing a concentrated urine. (iii) A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to release (5) Which one of the following options correctly fills the blanks in any two of the statements? A. (1)-water, (2)-electrolytes, (5)-renin B. (3)-Henle’s loop, (4)-vasa recta, (5)-angiotensin c. (1)-electrolytes, (2)-water, ( (3)- ) РСТ, ( (4)- ) DCT D. (3)-Henle’s loop, (4)-vasa recta, (5)-angiotensinogen |
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| 34 | Refer the following diagram and identify the parts of a kidney indicated. A. A- Cortex, B- Nephron, C- Pelvis, D- Medulla, E- Ureter B. A- Cortex, B- Medulla, C- Nephron, D- Pelvis, E- Ureter C. A- Nephron, B- Cortex, C- Medulla, D- Ureter, E- Pelvis D. A- Nephron, B- Cortex, C- Medulla, D- Pelvis, E- Ureter E. A- Nephron, B- Ureter, C- Pelvis, D- Medulla, E- Cortex |
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| 35 | Brush border is characteristic of A. Malpighian corpuscle B. Collecting tube c. Proximal convoluted tubule D. All of the above |
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| 36 | Write the names of any two excretory organs in human beings. | 11 |
| 37 | Glycosuria is the term used for A. Loss of glucose in urine B. Loss of blood in the urine C. Loss of salts in the urine D. None of these |
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| 38 | Uric acid forms in body by A. Phospholipid B. Glucose c. DNA D. RNA |
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| 39 | Ducts of Bellini open in A. Minor calyx B. Major calyx c. Renal pyramid D. Renal sinus |
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| 40 | Which is correct A. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II B. During summer, when body loses a lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed C. When someone drinks a lot of water, ADH release is suppressed D. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release |
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| 41 | Characteristic smell of urine is due to A. Urea B. Uric acid c. Urinod substancce D. Pus |
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| 42 | What conditions are responsible for stimulation of juxtaglomerular apparatus? A. An increase in blood pressure or blood volume in heart B. An increase in the solute concentration the blood plasma. C. A decrease in the solute concentration oil the blood plasma. D. Decrease in blood pressure or blood volume in afferent arteriole. |
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| 43 | Which one is not an excretory organ? A. skin B. Kidneys c. Intestine D. Liver |
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| 44 | In glomerulus of rabbit A. Afferent glomerular capillary is wider than efferent glomerular capillary B. Afferrent glomerular capillary is narrower than efferent glomerular capillary C. Afferent glomerular arteriole is narrower than the efferent glomerular arteriole D. Afferent glomerular arteriole is wider than the efferent glomerular arteriole |
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| 45 | If Henles loop were absent from mammalian nephron which of the following is to be expected A. There will be no urine formation B. There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed c. The urine will be more concentrated D. The urine will be more dilute |
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| 46 | Transportation in the living organisms is necessary, because of the following reasons A. Food, oxygen, water and other essential substances are distributed through this system B. It displaces the excretory wastes from the cells of the body to the excretory organs from where they are expelled out c. Temperature and pressure throughout the body are kept uniform D. All of the above |
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| 47 | What is dialysis? State the condition in which dialysis treatment is given? Will this be able to replace all kidney functions. Explain. |
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| 48 | Which is true about the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons? A. Most nephrons are juxtamedullary. B. The efferent arteriole’s of cortical nephrons give rise to most of the vasa recta c. The aaferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary nephrons give rise to most of the vasa recta D. Juxtamedullary nephrons generate a hyperosmotic medullary interstitium |
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| 49 | Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in the A. Proximal tubule B. Distal tubule c. collecting duct D. Loop of Henle |
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| 50 | The rate of uric acid excretion per day through urine is A. Nil B. 0.2 gm to 0.7 gm c. ( 0.7 mathrm{gm} ) D. ( 2 mathrm{gm} ) |
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| 51 | Alkaptonuria is a disease where the urine is A. Yellow B. White c. orange D. Black |
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| 52 | ADH takes part in A. Reabsorption of ( N a^{+} ) B. Reabsorption of watera C. Tabular secretion of creatinine D. Tubular secretion of urea |
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| 53 | The crossopterygians possess scales called as A. Placoid B. Cycloid c. Ganoid D. cosmoid |
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| 54 | In the human urinary system, there are various structures like the renal artery, renal vein, ureter, bladder etc. Which row shows substances that are |
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| 55 | Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. Urine is carried from the kidneys by ( _{text {. ………… to the urinary bladder. }} ) |
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| 56 | Which one acts as artificial kidney in haemodialysis? A. Dialysing liquid B. Bubble trap c. Blood pump D. Dialyser |
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| 57 | Endotherms or warm blooded animals maintain a constant temperature by A. Insulating coat B. Changing cutaneous circulation c. Both A and B D. Disposing off extra energy as heat |
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| 58 | Marcello Malpighi after whom malpighian corpuscles are named was born in A. Germany B. Italy y C. Australia D. Austria |
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| 59 | Match the items of Column I with Column II |
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| 60 | Choose the correct answers from the following given. Which of the following components of blood does not enter the nephron? A. Plasma proteins B. Glucose c. sodium ( left(N a^{+}right) ) ions D. urea |
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| 61 | Select the wrongly paired one from the following. A. Hepatic caecae – Exretion B. Crop in grasshopper – Temporary storage of food C. Blood of grasshopper-Haemolymph D. Egetion – Removal of undigested food from the body. |
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| 62 | Significantly higher level of urea in the blood is the indication of A. Liver damage B. Kidney damage c. Heart attack D. spleen damage |
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| 63 | The portion of nephron which is relatively impermeable to water is A. Collecting tubule B. Ascending limb of loop of henle c. Distal tubule D. Loop of Henle |
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| 64 | Mention the exact location of the following structures: (i) Thylakoids (ii) Organ of Corti (iiii) Lenticels ( (i v) ) Bicuspid valve (v) Loop of Henle |
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| 65 | Malpighian corpuscles occur in A. Medulla B. Cortex c. Pelvis D. Pyramid |
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| 66 | (a) What is lymph? (b) Draw a labelled diagram of human excretory system. (c) How plants excrete waste products? Explain. |
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| 67 | Stool of a person contain whitish grey colour is due to malfunction of organ A. Pancrease B. Spleen c. Kidney D. Liver |
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| 68 | Urine formation occurs in A . Liver B. Kidney c. spleen D. Heart |
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| 69 | Incomplete loop of Henle is found in ( mathbf{A} ) Frog ( mathbf{B} ) Human ( mathbf{c} ) Bird D. Mammal |
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| 70 | Arrange the following in correct order based on increasing toxicity. (a) Urea (b) Uric acid (c) Ammonia A. a-b-c B. b-a-c c. ( c-a-b ) D. c-b-a |
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| 71 | Match the excretory functions with the parts of the excretory system.choose the correct combination from among the answers given. List 1 1. Ultra filtration a. Henle’s loop 2. Concentration of b. Ureter าe 3. Transport of urine c. Urinary bladder d. Malpighian 4. Storage of urine ( quad ) corpuscle A. ( 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c ) B. ( 1-mathrm{d}, 2-mathrm{c}, 3-mathrm{b}, 4-mathrm{a} ) c. ( 1-mathrm{e}, 2-mathrm{d}, 3-mathrm{a}, 4-mathrm{b} ) D. ( 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b ) |
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| 72 | Which of the following does not help in excretion? A. Liver B. Sweat glands c. Pancreas D. Both A and B |
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| 73 | Very short answer type. What happens to plasma proteins during hemodialysis? |
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| 74 | Which is true for excretion in humans A. Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in PCT by simple diffusion B. DCT is impermeable to water C. On the average, ( 25-30 ) gm of urea is excreted per day D. Maximum reabsorption occurs in loop of Henle |
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| 75 | Henles loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine. A. True B. False |
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| 76 | 43. Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous wastes in (1) Frogs (2) Birds (3) Fishes (4) Mankind |
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| 77 | The loop of Henle is most highly developed in A. Freshwater fishes B. Salamanders c. Desert lizards D. Mammals |
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| 78 | Kidneys are organs of excretion in A. All chordates B. Mammals only C. Mammals, reptiles and amphibians only D. Mammals and amphibians |
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| 79 | Which of the following is the most toxic excretory product? A. ( C O_{2} ) B. Ammonia c. urea D. Amino acids |
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| 80 | Choose the correct answers from the following given. Which of the following does not constitute a part of a uriniferous tubule? A. Loop of Henlele B. Distal convoluted tubule c. Bowmans capsule D. collecting duct |
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| 81 | Name the procedure used in the working of artificial kidney. | 11 |
| 82 | In the urinogenital organs of rabbit, which one of following part is present in male but not in female? A. Urethra B. Fallopian tube c. vagina D. Vas deferens |
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| 83 | Most abundant, harmful and universal waste product of metabolism is A. Uric acid в. ( H_{2} ) ( c cdot C O_{2} ) D. None of the above |
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| 84 | Which of the following statement is false A. Nephrons perform excretion through filtration, reabsorption and secretion. B. Nephridia are accessory excretory organs in Prawn c. Tapeworm have excretory flame cells D. Nephrons begin with Bowmen’s capsule having glomerulus |
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| 85 | Excretory products of mammals are useful to plants. Which of the following is not a part of such secretions? A. Carbon dioxide B. Mineral salts c. Bile pigments D. urea |
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| 86 | Occurence of excess urea in blood due to kidney failure is A. Urochrome B. Uraemia c. Uricotelism D. Ureotelism |
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| 87 | Protein rich diet brings about relatively no change in which of the following constituents of urine? A. Urea B. Creatinine c. Uric acid D. Ammonia |
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| 88 | Which part of Nephron is not permeable for water? |
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| 89 | Match the correct one A. A: afferent arteriole, B: Proximal convoluted tubule, C Henle’s loop, D: Distal convoluted tubule, E: Peritubular capillaries, F: collecting duct B. F: efferent arteriole, B: PCT, C: Henle’s loop, D: DCT, E: peritubular capillaries, F: collecting duct C. A: afferent arteriole, B: peritubular capillaries, C: Henle’s loop, D: DCT, E: PCT, F: collecting duct D. A: afferent arteriole, B: Henle’s loop, C: collecting ductt D: PCT, E: DCT, F: peritubular capillaries |
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| 90 | Which of the following is not an accessory excretory organ of vertebrates? A. skin B. Lungs c. Liver D. Heart |
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| 91 | Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct? A. Descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water B. Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing ( N a^{+} ) ions c. Nearly 99 percent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the rental tubules. D. Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes. |
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| 92 | In peritoneal dialysis, the blood is A. Not removed from the body and and artificial filter is used B. Removed from the body and an artificial filter is employed C. Removed from the body and a natural filter is employed D. Not removed from the body and a natural filter is used |
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| 93 | The yellow colour of urine is due to the presence of A . Bile B. Lymph c. cholesterol D. Urochrome |
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| 94 | Name major excretory products. How are these products eliminated from, the body? | 11 |
| 95 | Very short answer type. Name the hormone whose deficiency causes diabetes insipidus. | 11 |
| 96 | Assertion Kidneys maintain the osmotic concentration of the blood. Reason Kidneys eliminate either hypotonic or hypertonic urine according to the need of the body. A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion B. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion c. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect D. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect |
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| 97 | The waste products produced in man, which need excretion are A. Carbon dioxide B. Urea and salts c. Excess of water D. All of the above |
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| 98 | The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised A. In kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys B. In liver and also eliminated by the same through bile C. In the liver but eliminated mostly through kidneys D. In kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver |
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| 99 | All of the following are physiologic effects of acute renal failure, except A. Edema B. Hypertension c. Acidosis D. Immediate death |
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| 100 | Very short answer type. Name the hormone that regulates each of the following: urinary elimination of water |
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| 101 | What shows the sequence of organs through which urea passes as it travels from where it is produced to where it is removed from the blood? A. Kidneys ( rightarrow ) Heart ( rightarrow ) Lungs ( rightarrow ) Heart ( rightarrow ) Liver B. Kidneys ( rightarrow ) Heart ( rightarrow ) Liver ( rightarrow ) Lungs ( rightarrow ) Heart c. Liver ( rightarrow ) Heart ( rightarrow ) Lungs ( rightarrow ) Heart ( rightarrow ) Kidneys D. Liver ( rightarrow ) Lungs ( rightarrow ) Heart ( rightarrow ) Kidneys ( rightarrow ) Heart |
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| 102 | What is meant by osmoregulation? How is it maintained in human body? | 11 |
| 103 | The liquid which is collected in the cavity of Bowman’s capsule is A. concentrated urine B. Blood plasma minus blood proteins and corpuscles c. Glycogen and water D. Sulphates and water |
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| 104 | Ureotelic organisms like mammals excrete urea in their urine, that is formed in A . spleen B. kidney c. liver D. gall bladder |
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| 105 | ( C O_{2} ) is removed from the blood in the A . ovaries B. Heart c. Kidney D. Lungs |
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| 106 | In which part of nephron absorption of filtrate maximum A. Distal convoluted tubule B. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Glomerulus D. Henles loop |
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| 107 | Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to salt water balance inside the body of living organisms? A. When water is not available camels do not produce urine but store urea in tissues B. Salmon fish excretes lot of stored salt through gill membrane in fresh water. c. Paramecium discharges concentrated salt solution by contractile vacuoles. D. The body fluids of fresh water animals are generally hypotonic to surrounding water. |
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| 108 | Podocytes are the cells present in A. Cortex of nephron B. Inner wall of Bowman’s capsule C. Proximal convoluted tubule D. Wall of glomerular capillaries |
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| 109 | Loop of Henle is meant for absorption of A. Potassium B. Glucose c. water D. ( C O_{2} ) |
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| 110 | Which of the following sequences is correct regarding regulation of kidney function? A. An excess loss of water from body ( rightarrow ) Hypothalamus ( rightarrow ) Ormoreceptors ( rightarrow ) Neurohypophysis ( rightarrow ) ADH ( rightarrow ) Increases water permeability of DCT and CT ( rightarrow ) Prevention of diuresis B. An excess loss of fluid from body ( rightarrow ) Ormoreceptors ( rightarrow ) Hypothalamus ( rightarrow ) Neurohypophysis ( rightarrow A D H rightarrow ) Increases wter permeability of DCT and ( mathrm{CT} rightarrow ) PRevention of diuresis C. An excess loss of fluid from body ( rightarrow ) Ormoreceptors ( rightarrow ) Hypothalamus ( rightarrow ) Neurohypophysis ( rightarrow ) Aldosterone ( rightarrow ) Water permeability of DCT and CT increases ( rightarrow ) Prevention of diuresis D. An excess loss of fluid from body ( rightarrow ) Ormoreceptor ( rightarrow ) Hypothalamus ( rightarrow ) Adenohypophysis ( rightarrow ) ADH ( rightarrow ) Increases water permeability of DCT and CT ( rightarrow ) Prevention of diuresis |
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| 111 | Kidneys are not only organs of excretion. Their work is supplemented by A . Liver B. Heart c. Large intestine D. skin |
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| 112 | Haemodialysis is connected with A . Liver B. Spleen c. Stomach D. Kidney |
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| 113 | In which one of the following organisms excretory organs are correctly stated? A. Humans- Kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands B. Earthworm- Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia C. Cockroach-Malpighian tubules and enter caeca D. Frog- Kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium |
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| 114 | Which one of the following statements is false? A. The presence of albumin in urine is albuminuria. B. The presence of glucose in urine is glycosuria. C. The absence of ketone bodies in urine is ketonuria. D. The presence of excess urea in blood is uremia. E. The presence of haemoglobin in urine is haemoglobinuria. |
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| 115 | Diuresis is the condition in which A. The excretion of volume of urine increases B. The excretion of volume of urine decreases C. They kidneys fail to excrete urine D. The water balance of the body is disturbed |
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| 116 | Proximal convoluted tubule is lined by a single layer of ………… cells. A. Brush bordered cubical B. Columnar c. Squamous D. cubical |
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| 117 | Sea Gulls excrete salts through A . Liver B. Lungs c. Urine D. Nasal gland |
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| 118 | Haematuria is ( A ). RBCs in urine B. WBCs in urine C. Both A and B D. None of the above |
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| 119 | Vital morphological and physiological units of mammalian kidney are A. Ureters B. Seminiferous tubules c. Uriniferous tubules D. Nephridia |
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| 120 | Duct of Bellini opens on A. Ureter B. Renal papilla c. Duodenum D. Distal convoluted tubule |
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| 121 | The part labelled as 1 in the given structure of nephron is A. Glomerulus B. Bowman’s capsulel c. Proximal convoluted tubule D. Loop of Henle E. Distal convoluted tubule |
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| 122 | Which of the following is not a part of nephron? A . PCT в. DCT c. Loop of Henlen D. collecting duct |
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| 123 | Which one of the following components of urine in a healthy human does not differ much in concentration from that of blood plasma? ( mathbf{A} cdot N H_{4}^{+} ) в. ( K^{+} ) c. ( N a^{text {t }} ) ( mathrm{D} cdot S O_{4}^{2} ) |
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| 124 | Frog’s kidneys for communication with the coelom has A. Nephridiopores B. Septal nephridia c. Nephrostomes D. Renal pores |
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| 125 | The two kidneys lie A. At the level of ovaries B. At the same level C. Left kidney at a higher level than the right one D. Right kidney at a higher level than the left one |
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| 126 | Glomerulus and Bowmans capsule constitute A. Blood vessels B. Malpighian body c. Green gland D. Malpighian tubule |
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| 127 | Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid? A. Loops of Henle B. Peritubular capiliaries c. convoluted tubules D. collecting ducts |
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| 128 | The region of the nephron found in the renal medulla is A. Malpighian corpuscle B. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule D. Henle’s loop E. Glomerulus |
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| 129 | The characteristic that is shared by urea, uric acid and ammonia is /are (A) They are nitrogenous wastes. (B) They all need very large amount of water for excretion. (C) They are all equally toxic. (D) They are produced in the kidneys. A . A and C B. ( A, C ) and ( D ) c. A and D. A only |
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| 130 | The function of urea being produced as an excretory material in mammals and sharks is that A. It raises the pH level of the blood B. It sends signals from cells that produce it to other organs c. It provides energy to some cells and tissues D. It prevents ammonia from building up in the body E. It eliminates water from the bloodstream |
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| 131 | Given below are five groups of five terms in each. Arrange the terms in each group in their proper sequence. I.Renal Pelvis, Urethra, Ureter Kidney Urinary Bladder ii. Sodium ions move into the axon, Repolarisation. Polarisation, Stimulus, Depolarisation iii. ATP is produced, guard cells photosynthesise during the day guard cells become more turgid. guard cells become hypertonic, Potassium ions are actively pumped into the guard cells iv Efferent ducts, Network of ducts, Seminiferous tubules. Urethra, Vas deferens v. Response, Effector Brain or Spinal Cord, Receptor Stimulus |
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| 132 | Functional kidney of frog’s tadpole is A. Pronephros B. Mesonephros c. Holonephros D. Metanephros |
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| 133 | Each human kidney has nearly A. 10,000 nephrons B. ( 50,000, ) nephrons ( c .1,00,000 ) nephrons D. 1 million nephrons |
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| 134 | An X-ray of lower abdomen shows a shades in the region of the ureter suspected to be a uretelic calculus. A possible clinical symptom would be A. Active renal failure B. Anuria and haematuria c. Motor aphasia D. Chronic renal failure (CRF) |
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| 135 | Kidneys, lungs, gills and sweat glands, are parts the of system in animals. A. Digestive B. Excretory c. Blood circulation D. Nervous |
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| 136 | Copy the picture. (a) Label the parts ( A, B ) and ( C ) (b) Note down the functions of ( mathrm{B} ), ( mathrm{C} ) and D. |
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| 137 | Name the organ which produces urea. | 11 |
| 138 | Pancreas is absent in which group of vertebrates A. Reptiles B. Cyclostomates c. Birds D. Mammals |
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| 139 | Loop of Henle is connected with A. Dilution of urine B. Removal of water c. counter current multiplier system D. Remove salt |
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| 140 | Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. The yellow colour of urine is due to |
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| 141 | Very short answer type. What are the function performed by nephrons? |
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| 142 | The enzyme converting Angiotensin-I to Angiotensin-II is secreted by? A. Kidneys B. GI tract c. Lungs D. Heart |
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| 143 | Sketch and label Malpighian body. | 11 |
| 144 | 124. Consider the following statements about different impurities in drinking water. (1) Lead can damage kidney, liver, reproductive system. (II) Sulphide content above 500 ppm causes laxative effect. (III) Nitrate content above 50 ppm causes diseases such as methaemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome) Out of the above (a) Only III is correct (b) All but I are correct (c) All but II are correct(d) I, II and III are correct |
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| 145 | Absorption of water in DCT is controlled by ( mathbf{A} cdot ) АСТН в. АDН c. LH D. Oxytocin |
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| 146 | Read the following table and answer the following questions. sı. Structure Location No. 1 Tricuspid Right auriculoriculo- lar aperture valve 2 Guard cells ( quad ) Epidermis of leaves 3. Glomerulus Nephron 4. Alveoli 5 Acrosome Above the head of a sperm Name the part performing Excretion. |
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| 147 | Which materials are excreted by kidneys and lungs? begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} hline & kidneys & lungs \ hline A & carbon dioxide & carbon dioxide \ B & carbon dioxide & urea \ c & urea & carbon dioxide \ D & urea & urea \ hline end{tabular} |
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| 148 | Kidney of adult rabbit is A. Pronephros B. Metanephros c. Mesonephros D. Opisthonephros |
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| 149 | Incorrect statement in the following A. Glomerulus is a group of fine blood capillaries B. Loop of Henle is a part of malpighian body C. Jatropa is the source of bio-diesel D. Symptoms of uremia is swelling of feet |
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| 150 | Glycosuria is the condition, where a man A. Eats more sugar B. Excretes sugar in urine c. sugar is excreted in faeces D. Has low sugar level in blood |
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| 151 | Select the correct statement. A. Secretion is the ejection of waste material from the body B. Excretion is the release of material within the body. C. Secretion and excretion both are the movement of unwanted material in the blood. D. Excretion is the release of unwanted material from the body |
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| 152 | Explain excretion in human beings. | 11 |
| 153 | Which one is the most soluble in water? A. Uric acid B. Urea c. Fatty acids D. casein |
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| 154 | Assertion In dialyzer, the plasma proteins of the blood cannot be filtered, but molecules like urea, uric acid, creatinine and ions can be filtered. Reason The cellophane membrane, used in the dialyzer is permeable to micromolecules, but impermeable to macromolecules. A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion B. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion C. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect D. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect |
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| 155 | Reabsorption of water in the nephron is controlled by ADH and aldosterone hormone. A. True B. False |
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| 156 | Number of mitochondria is maximum in part of uriniferous tubule A . PCT B. Loop of Henle c. DcT D. Bowmans capsule |
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| 157 | Which of the following applications illustrates that evaporation leads to cooling? A. Perspiration in human body B. Transpiration in leaves c. water in earthern post D. All of the above |
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| 158 | The high concentration of uric acid in the blood will eventually lead to A. Arthritis B. Rheumatism c. Gout D. Rheumatic heart |
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| 159 | In diabetes melitus the patient drinks more water as there is urinary loss of A. Salt B. Insulin c. Protein D. Glucose |
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| 160 | Pick the odd ones in each of the following groups and select the correct option. (i) Renal pelvis, Medullary pyramid, Renal cortex, Renal papilla (ii) Afferent arteriole, Henle’s loop, Vasa recta, Efferent arteriole (iii) Glomerular filtration, Antidiuretic hormone, Hypertonic urine, Collecting duct (iv) Proximal convoluted tubule, Distal convoluted tubule, Henle’s loop, Renal corpuscle A. (i)Renal pelvis (ii)Henle’s loop (iii)Collecting duct tubule (iv)Distal convoluted tubule B. (i)Renal papilla (ii)Afferent arteriole (iii)Antidiuretic hormone (iv)Henle’s loop C. (i)Medullary pyramid (ii)Efferent arteriole (iii)Hypertonic urine (iv)Proximal convoluted tubule D. (i)Renal cortex (ii)Vasa recta (iii)Glomerular filtration (iv)Renal corpuscle |
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| 161 | 37. The filtration unit of kidney is (1) axon (3) neuron (2) nephron (4) yellow fiber |
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| 162 | The first formed nitrogenous waste of vertebrates is A ( . N H_{2} ) B. Urea c. ( N H_{3} ) D. ( N H_{4} ) |
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| 163 | Osmoregulation is control over the A. ( mathrm{pH} ) of the blood and other tissues B. removal of nitrogen from the body C . osmotic properties of cell membranes D. concentrations of salt and water in the body |
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| 164 | How does the blood come out of the capillary and come in contact with the Bowman’s capsule so as to form filtrate? |
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| 165 | Assertion Diabetes insipidus is marked by excessive urination and too much thirst for water. Reason Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by the posterior lobe of pitutiary gland. A. Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation for assertion B. Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation for assertion c. Assertion is correct but reason is incorrect D. Both assertion and reason are incorrect |
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| 166 | For the formation of urea, which one of the following is required along with ammonia? A. Arginase, ( C O_{2} ) and ( O_{2} ) B. Arginase, ( C O_{2} ) and water C. Asparate, ( C O_{2} ) and water D. Asparate, ( C O_{2} ) and ( O_{2} ) |
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| 167 | Fluid within the loop of Henle is concentrated in the A. Descending limb B. Thick ascending duct c. Hairpin bend between descending and ascending ( operatorname{limbs} ) D. Bend between the ascending limb and the distal tubule |
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| 168 | Haemodialysis is carried out in case of severe defect in A. Kidney B. Liver c. Lung D. Stomach |
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| 169 | Average quantity of urea excreted daily humans per day is A . ( 10-15 ) g B. 25 – 30 g c. ( 40-50 mathrm{g} ) D. 100 – 500 mg |
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| 170 | Give a brief account on human excretory system. Add a note on vertica section of kidney. |
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| 171 | The hormone secreted by kidney is A. Gastrin B. Secretin c. Erythropoietin D. Aldosterone |
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| 172 | Which one is the correct option for the structure and function of a nephron? A . Glomerulus- filtration B. Proximal convoluted tubule- reabsorption c. Both A and B D. Distal convoluted tubule- filtration |
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| 173 | Which of the following pairs is wrong? A. Uricotelic- -Birds B. Ureotelic- -Insects c. Ammonotelic – Tadpole D. Ureotelic – Elephant |
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| 174 | Proximal and distal convoluted tubules are parts of a A. Nephron B. oviduct c. vas deferens D. Caecum |
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| 175 | Short / Long answer type questions. What is feedback control? IIlustrate feedback mechanism of homeostasis by an example of hormones. |
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| 176 | Which of the following options shows the correct measurements of an adult human kidney? A. ( 10-12 mathrm{cm} 5-7 mathrm{cm} 2-3 mathrm{cm} ) ( 120-170 mathrm{g} ) B. ( 10-20 mathrm{cm} 10-12 mathrm{cm} 6-12 mathrm{cm} ) ( 40-50 mathrm{g} ) c. ( 2-6 mathrm{cm} 8-10 mathrm{cm} 5-10 mathrm{cm} ) ( 60-70 mathrm{g} ) D. ( 10-12 mathrm{mm} 5-7 mathrm{mm} 2-3 mathrm{mm} ) ( 120-170 mathrm{mg} ) |
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| 177 | About how many nephrons are there in each kidney of a human? A . 16 B. 200 ( c cdot 1000 ) D. 1,000,000 |
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| 178 | The urethra is surrounded by sphincter muscles. A . True B. False |
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| 179 | Write the name of excretory organs and draw a labelled diagram of excretory system in humans. | 11 |
| 180 | Loop of Henle is part of A. Uriniferous tubule B. Seminiferous tubule c. Neuron D. Muscle fibres |
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| 181 | How many molecules of ammonia are required to form 8 molecules of urea? A . 24 B. 8 ( c cdot 16 ) ( D ) |
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| 182 | A mammal excretes nitrogen in the form of A. Ammonium ions B. Amino acids c. urea D. Uric acid |
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| 183 | If kidneys fail to reabsorb water, the effect on tissue would A. Remain unaffected B. Shrink and shrivel C. Absorb water from blood plasma D. Take more ( O_{2} ) from blood |
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| 184 | Glomeruli are confined to A. Cortex B. Medulla c. Pelvis D. Pyramid |
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| 185 | Presence of RBC in urine is called A. Anuria B. Haematuria c. Glycosuria D. Ketonuria |
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| 186 | Part not belonging to nephron tubule is: This question has multiple correct options A . Glomerules B. Bowman’s capsule c. collecting duct D. Loop of Henle |
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| 187 | A large quantity of fluid is filtered every day by the nephrons in the kidneys, only about ( 1 % ) of it is excreted as urine. The remaining ( 99 % ) of the filtrate A. Gets collected in the renal pelvis B. Is lost as sweat. c. Is stored in the urinary bladder. D. Is reabsorbed into the blood |
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| 188 | Podocytes are the cells, present in A. Cortex of nephron B. Inner wall of Bowman’s capsule C. Outer wall of Bowman’s capsule D. Well of glomerular capilaries |
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| 189 | The function of counter current mechanism is performed by I. Gills II. Kidneys III. Intestines IV. Lungs A. I and III only B. Il and IV only y c. ।, ॥, and IV D. I, II, III, and IV |
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| 190 | What is the nitrogenous waste produced by amphibian larvae and by the adult animals different? | 11 |
| 191 | What is an artificial kidney haemodialysis? Write the use of haemodialysis. |
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| 192 | In mammals, the urinary bladder opens into A. Uterus B. Urethra c. vestibule D. Ureter |
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| 193 | Excretory material are formed in A. Kidney B. Rectum c. Liver D. Every cell of the body |
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| 194 | The nephrons discharge their urine at the: A. Urinary bladder B. Urethra c. Renal pelvis D. Renal pyramid (calyses) |
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| 195 | Refer to the given figure of human urinary system and select the option that correctly identifies the labelled parts ( A ) to ( E ) A. Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Dorsal aorta Urethra Pelvis B. Inferior vena cava Superior vena cava Dorsal aorta Urinary bladder Cortex c. Ureter Inferior vena cava Dorsal aorta Urinary bladder Pelvis D. Dorsal aorta Inferior vena cava Superior vena cava Urinary bladder Cortex |
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| 196 | Whenever the amount of urine decreases the stage is called A. Anuria B. Polyuria c. oliguria D. Floating kidney |
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| 197 | Ducts of Bellini are found in A . Liver B. Intestine c. Medulla oblongata D. Kidney |
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| 198 | An advantage of excreting nitrogeneous wastes in the form of uric acid is that A. Uric acid can be excreted in almost solid form. B. The formation of uric acid requires a great deal of energy. C. Uric acid is the first metabolic breakdown products of acids. D. Uric acid may be excreted through the lungs. |
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| 199 | Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion. | 11 |
| 200 | With the help of a well labelled diagram, describe the structure of nephron | 11 |
| 201 | Do you find any relationship between circulatory system and excretory system? What are they? | 11 |
| 202 | Of the total nephrons,the juxtamedullary nephrons constitute ( % ) A . 15 B. 45 5 ( c cdot 65 ) D. 85 |
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| 203 | The ureters of opisthonephric kidneys represents A. Wolffian ducts in male B. Mullerian duct in female c. Wolffian duct in both sexes D. Both A and B |
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| 204 | What will happen if one kidney is removed from the body of a human being? A. Death due to poisoning B. Ureamia and death c. Stoppage of urination D. The person will survive and remain normal. The other kidney will become hypertrophied. |
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| 205 | Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. The process of purifying blood by means of an artificial kidney is called………. |
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| 206 | The ureter transports urine to the urinary bladder A. True B. False |
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| 207 | Urinary bladder is absent in A. Aves B. Reptiles c. Amphibians D. Mammal |
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| 208 | Kidney stone is produced due to A. Deposition of sand particles B. Precipitation of proteins C . Crystallisation of oxalates D. Blockage of fat |
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| 209 | The primary threshold substance are A. Urea and uric acid B. Potassium and calcium c. Glucose and amino acids D. Plasma proteins |
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| 210 | Choose the odd one out from given option. A. Renin B. ANF c. АDH D. Aldosterone |
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| 211 | The wall of urinary bladder has a thick layer of smooth muscle called A. Dartos B. Detrusor c. Deltoid D. Depressor |
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| 212 | In Annelids, excretory organs are A. Nephridia B. Malpighian tubules c. Green glands D. Kidneys |
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| 213 | Match the following colums. begin{tabular}{ll|ll} & Column I & & Columns II \ A. & Polyuria & 1. & WBCs pus in urine \ B. & Pyuria & 2. & High level of uric acid in blood \ C. & Gout & 3. & Excess of urine output \ D. & Haematuria & 4. & Presence of blood (RBCs) in urine end{tabular} ( mathbf{A} ) B. ( A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4 ) C. ( A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 ) D. ( A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 ) |
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| 214 | Draw the structure of a nephron and label glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, renal artery, collecting duct. b) What happen to glucose that enters the nephron along with the filtrate? |
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| 215 | Which of the following agents does not cause contraction of the mesangial cells in the glomerulus? A. Noradrenaline B. Histamine c. Dopamine D. vasopressin |
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| 216 | What are the principal components of an artificial kidney? | 11 |
| 217 | Which of the following is called the artificial kidney? A. Dializer B. Haemocytometer c. Auto analyser D. Artificial Pacemaker |
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| 218 | Function of loop of Henle is A. Conservation of water B. Formation of urine C. Filtration of blood D. Passage of urine |
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| 219 | The glomerulus is a network of parallel capillaries which are approximately in number A. 5 B. 50 ( c .500 ) D. 5000 |
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| 220 | Draw the structure of a nephron and label the following ; Glomerulus Bowman capsule, renal artery, collecting duct, b) What happen to glucose that enters the nephron along with the filtrate |
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| 221 | The main waste which passes into the dialysing solution of a dialysis machine is A. Cellulose B. Glucose c. water D. urea |
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| 222 | The main excretory organs in man are A. Kidneys B. Nephridia c. Trachea D. Lungs |
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| 223 | The diagram below represents a group of organs in the human body. Urine leaves the urinary bladder by passing through this structure labeled as ( A ) B. ( c ) ( D ) |
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| 224 | The hormone involved in the active water reabsorption in renal tubules A. Anti-diuretic hormone B. Vasopressin c. Both A and B D. Adrenaline |
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| 225 | Which part of Juxta medullary nephron is found in cortical region A. Malpigian body B. Proximal convulated tubule c. Distal convulated tubule D. Loop of henle |
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| 226 | State the exact location of the following structures. Proximal convoluted tubule. |
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| 227 | Functional unit of kidney is A. Neuron B. Nephorn c. Glomerulous D. Bowman’s capsule |
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| 228 | The most commonest component of kidney stones is A. Calcium oxalate B. Uric acid c. cysteine D. Magnesium phosphate |
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| 229 | Differentiate between Ureter and urethra |
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| 230 | In man, kidney is A. Pronephros B. Mesonephros C . Metanephros D. None of the above |
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| 231 | Urine is excreted out of the body through A . Pelvis B. Ureter c. Urinary bladder D. Urethra |
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| 232 | Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except | 11 |
| 233 | The hormone that increases the blood calcium level and decreases its excretion by kidney is A. Parathormone B. Calcitonin c. Thyroxine D. Insulin |
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| 234 | The two main parts of nephron are A. Bowman’s capsule and renal tubule B. Glomerulus and renal tubule C. Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus D. Glomerulus and malpighian body |
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| 235 | An organism which has Malpighian tubule as excretory organ can be placed in phylum ( mathbf{A} ) Arthropda ( mathbf{B} ) Annelida ( mathbf{c} ) Platyhelminthes D. None of the above |
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| 236 | Archinephros occurs in A. Adult hagfish B. Larva of hagfish c. Molluscs D. Anamniotes |
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| 237 | Select the correct option representing the excretory organs present in (i) earthworm, (ii) centipede,(iii) prawn, and (iv) flatworm. A. (i) Malpighian tubules (ii) Flame cell (iii) Nelphridia (iv) Green gland B. (i) Flame cell (ii)Green gland (iii) Malpighian tubules (iv) Nephridia C. (i) Nephridia (ii)Malpighian tubules (iii) Green gland (iv) Flame cell D. (i)Green gland (ii) Nephridia (iii) Flame cell (iv) Malpighian tubules |
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| 238 | The glomerular membrane has a permeability about A. 100 to 500 times as great as usual capillary B. 20 times greater than capillary c. 10 times greater than capillary D. Same as capillary |
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| 239 | Match the right pairs. | 11 |
| 240 | The vessel leading blood into the Bowman’s capsule is known as A. Afferent arteriole B. Efferent arteriole c. Renal vein D. Renal artery |
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| 241 | toppr Q Type your question membrane. It allows small molecules, such as water, to pass through easily, while larger molecules, such as sucrose, are restricted. Movement of molecules across the tubing is due to concentration gradients. In an experiment designed to study osmosis, several pieces of dialysis tubing were filled with sucrose solutions of varying concentration and placed in beakers containing distilled water. The rate and direction of water movement was determined by weighing the bags before and after placing them in the distilled water. The data are recorded below.Table ( begin{array}{llll}text { Tube } & begin{array}{c}text { Tube } \ text { contents }end{array} & begin{array}{c}text { Mass }(mathrm{g}) \ 0end{array} & begin{array}{c}text { Mas } \ (mathrm{g})end{array} \ text { number } & begin{array}{l}text { (beaker } \ text { contents) }end{array} & text { minutes } & begin{array}{l}15 \ text { minn }end{array}end{array} ) Distilled water (distilled water) 10% sucrose the and suistilled water) ( 40 % ) sucrose ‘distilled a water Distilledd water (40%) sucrose) Cell membranes are also semipermeable, allowing water but not other substances to cross easily. A red blood cell placed in a ( 0.9 % ) NaCl solution will neither swell nor shrivel. Based on this knowledge, and the information presented in Table 1 , what would happen to a red blood cell placed in a ( 20 % ) NaCl solution? A. Water would be drawn out of the cell and the cell would swell B. Water would be drawn into the cell and the cell would swell c. water would be drawn out of the cell and the cell would shrivel D. water would be drawn into the cell and the cell would shrive E. NC |
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| 242 | An adaptation in the structure and function of loop of Henle to xerophytic environment is A. A short loop of Henle, which allows more filtrate to be removed from the blood B. A short loop of Henle, which allows less water to be removed from the filtrate C. A long loop of Henle, which allows more filtrate to be removed from the blood D. A long loop of Henle, which allows more water to be removed from the filtrate E. A long loop of Henle, which allows less filtrate to be removed from the blood |
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| 243 | Which is mismatched? A. Bowman’s capsule – Glomerular filteration B. PCT – Absorption of ( N a^{+} ) and ( K^{+} ) C. DCT – Absorption of glucose D. None of the above |
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| 244 | Which one is not supplied exclusively with involuntary muscles? A. Iriss B. Gland ducts c. Urethra D. coats of blood vessels |
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| 245 | A healthy person eats a very highprotein diet.What will be the effect on the person’s urine? A. It will contain amino acids. B. It will contain glucose. c. It will contain more urea D. It will contain more water. |
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| 246 | The urinary bladder is muscular and is under – ………… control A. Muscular B. Mechanical c. Nervous D. Hormonal |
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| 247 | One of the following is impermeable to ( boldsymbol{H}_{2} boldsymbol{O} ) normally A. PCT B. DCT C. Descending limb of loop of Henle D. Ascending limb of loop of Henle |
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| 248 | The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesized ( mathbf{A} cdot ) In the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys. B. In kidneys, but eliminated mostly through liver. C. In kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys. D. In liver and also eliminated by the same through bile. |
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| 249 | List out the various excretory organs found in the following:- a) Sponges b) Roundworms c)Annelids d) crustaceans e) Insects f) Flatworms g) Echinoderms h) Cnidarians ¡) Molluscs j) Vertebrates |
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| 250 | Renal rickets is related to old age A. Vitamin D deficiency B. Osteoporosis C. Chronic kidney disease D. Both B and C |
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| 251 | Diabetes insipidus is due to A. Hyposecretion of vasopressin(ADH) B. Hypersecretion of insulin C. Hyposecretion of insulin D. Hypersecretion of vasopressin (ADH). |
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| 252 | Anti Diuretic Hormone(ADH) acts on the A. collecting tubule of kidney B. Loop of Henle c. collecting ducts of testes D. None of the above |
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| 253 | What is wrong about kidney A. Peripheral cortex and central medulla B. Blood enters glomerulus through efferent arterioles C. Malpighian capsules occur in cortex D. Concave part of kidney is called hilus |
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| 254 | Assertion : Earthworms excrete both ammonia and urea Reason : Excretion in earthworm |
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| 255 | Marcello Malpighi after whom Malpighian tubules are named was born in A. Germany B. Australia c. Austria D. Italy |
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| 256 | Which of the following is a functions of the kidney? A. Filtration of blood to remove wastes B. Blood pressure regulation c. pH regulation D. Both A and C E. All of the above |
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| 257 | Length of female urethra is ( A cdot 15 mathrm{cm} ) B. 10 ( mathrm{cm} ) ( c cdot 4 mathrm{cm} ) D. ( 2 mathrm{cm} ) |
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| 258 | Excretion means A. Removal of useless substances and substances present in excess. B. Formation of those substances which have some role in the body. c. Removal of such substances which have never been part of the body. D. All of the above. |
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| 259 | Which of the following have the chances to get eliminated from urine if there is too much increase of sugar during fever? A. Glucose B. Uric acid c. Phosphates D. Fructose |
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| 260 | Pelvis is a part of A. Skeletal system B. Kidneys C. Brain D. Both A and B |
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| 261 | The collecting ducts in the kidney converge to form A. Pyramid B. Calyx c. Pelvis D. Columns of Bertin |
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| 262 | n kidney, nephrostomes are functional in A. Tadpole B. Adult Frog c. cockroach D. Rabbit |
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| 263 | What are ketone bodies? A. Acetoacetic acid, acetone and beta-hydroxybutyric acid B. Nicotinic acid, folic acid and ascorbic acid C. Acetone, betahydroxybutyryl CoA and acetoacetic acid D. Acetic acid, acetone and beta-hydroxybutyric acid |
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| 264 | Ketone bodies are byproducts in the metabolism of A. carbohydrate B. Protein ( c . ) Fat D. All the above |
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| 265 | Haemodialysis is a treatment option for patients with malfunctions of A. Kidney B. Heart c. Liver D. Lungs |
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| 266 | The Henle’s loop of nephron is mainly responsible for reabsorption of water in the kidney. Which of the following has a long loop of Henle in its nephrons to conserve water? A. Polar bear B. Camel c. Frog D. whale |
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| 267 | Which of the following duct lead into the collecting tubules? A. Tertiary duct B. Duct of Bellini c. Henle’s loop D. Bowman’s capsule |
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| 268 | Which is the part of the nephron that exists in outer zone of kidney? A. Loop of the henle B. PCT c. DCT D. Bowman’s capsule |
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| 269 | What happen when water enter into tissue without being retained in kidney? |
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| 270 | Q Type your question. questions (i) Label parts 1,2,3 and 4 (ii) State the reason for the high hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus. (iii) Name the blood vessel which contains the least amount of urea in this diagram. (iv) Name the two main stages of urine formation. (v) Name the part of the nephron which lies in the renal medulla. |
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| 271 | How kidney functions are regulated? Add a note on kidney transplantation? | 11 |
| 272 | Ducts of Bellini are found in. A . Liver B. Intestine c. Medulla oblongata D. Kidney |
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| 273 | Very short answer type. Where is the hormone vasopressin (ADH) synthesized? |
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| 274 | Which is correct in normal humans A. pH of urine is around 8 B. ( 20-30 ) mg of urea is excreted per day C. Ketone bodies in urine indicate diabetes mellitus D. Glycosuria is treated with hemodialysis |
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| 275 | Urea synthesis occurs in A. Kidney B. Liver c. Brain D. Muscles |
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| 276 | Distinguish between simple gland and compound gland. | 11 |
| 277 | Q Type your question nú, kangaroo rat, showing the relative size of cortex and medulla. Coypu is found in freshwater and is never of short of water to drink. Brown rats are able to go some days without drinking. Kangaroo rats are able to live in deserts without drinking at all. Which kidney belongs to which animal? A. Brown rat coypu Kangaroo rat B. Brown rat Kangaroo rat coypu c. Kangaroo rat Brown rat coypu D. Kangaroo rat coypu Brown |
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| 278 | Circulatory system also performs the function of homeostasis. A. True B. False |
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| 279 | Match the columns and choose the correct combination |
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| 280 | Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. The function of a ureter is……….. of urine. |
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| 281 | Duct of Bellini is connected with A . Collecting duct в. DcT c. Ureter D. Papilla |
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| 282 | Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct? A. Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes. B. Descending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to water c. Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing ( H C O_{3}^{-} ) D. Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules |
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| 283 | Increase in frequency of urination is A. Uremia B. Proteinuria c. Polyurea D. Glycosuria |
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| 284 | Differentiate between the following: Ascending and descending limbs of Henle’s loop. |
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| 285 | What will happen if one kidney is removed from the body of a human being? A. Death due to poisoning B. Uremia and death c. Stoppage of urination D. Nothing, the person will survive and remain normal, another kidney will become hypertrophied |
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| 286 | Dialysis fluid contains all the constituents as in plasma except A. Electrolytes B. Proteins c. Nitrogenous wastes D. All the above |
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| 287 | If there is a fault in the function of the ‘Bowman’s capsule, what will happen? |
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| 288 | Malpighian body is constituted by A. Glomerulus only B. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule c. Glomerulus and efferent vessel D. Glomerulus, Bowmans capsule and efferent vessel |
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| 289 | Dahlia starch is used for A. Study of digestive enzymes B. Study of kidney function C. Preparation of noodles D. Manufacture of chocolates |
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| 290 | What will happen if their is no tubular reabsorption in the nephrons of kidneys? | 11 |
| 291 | Assertion Secreting hypotonic urine is effective in reducing urinary loss of water. Reason Hypotonic urine is more concentrated and higher in osmotic pressure than the blood. A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion B. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion c. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect D. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect |
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| 292 | The hormone that promotes reabsorption of water from glomerular filtrate is A. Oxytocin B. Vasopressin c. Relaxin D. Calcitonin |
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| 293 | Tuft of capillary vessels which is surrounded by Bowman’s capsule is A. Malpighian corpuscle B. Juxtaglomerular apparatus c. Glomerulus D. Loop of Henle |
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| 294 | Draw a neat labelled diagram of excretory system in human beings. |
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| 295 | Endocrine structure of kidney is A. Cortex B. Medulla c. Juxtaglomerular apparatus D. Pelvis |
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| 296 | Name the following: (a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures. (b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney. (c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop. |
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| 297 | Mesangial cells are located A. In endothelium of glomerulus B. Between endothelium and basal lamina C. Infiltration slit D. Sub podocytic space |
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| 298 | Function of glomerulus in mammalian kidney is A. Reabsorption of salts from the blood B. Urine formation through blood filtration c. Urine collection D. All of the above |
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| 299 | Skin is said to play an important role in excretion, due to the presence of A. Sweat glands B. Sebaceous glands c. Hair follicles D. Hair cells E. Both A and B |
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| 300 | Which of the following is metabolic waste of protein metabolism? ( A cdot N H_{3}, ) urea and ( C O_{2} ) B. Urea, oxygen and ( mathrm{N}_{2} ) c. Urea, ammonia and alanine D. Urea, ammonia and creatinine |
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| 301 | Name the following. Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney. |
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| 302 | Which is wrong A. Presence of albumin in urine is albuminaria B. Presence of glucose in urine is glycosuria C. Presence of ketose sugar in urine is ketonuria D. Presence of excess urea in blood is uremia E. Presence of haemoglobin in nature haemoglobinuria |
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| 303 | I ne gıven mgure represenis a sıngle nephron from a mammalian kidney. Identify the labelled parts, match them with the functions (i-iv) and select the correct option. (i) The site of ultrafiltration. (ii) Particularly sensitive to ADH. (iii) The main site for the re-absorption of glucose and amino acids. (iv) Largely responsible for the maintenance of blood pH. A ( cdot(text { i) }-A, ) (ii)-E, (iii)-C, (iv)-D B. (i)-A, (ii)-B, (iii)-C, (iv)-D C ( cdot(i)-A,(text { ii })-B,(i i i)-C,(i v)-E ) D. (i)-A, (ii)-B, (iii)-D, (iv)-E |
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| 304 | Dialysis comes under A. Surgery B. Neurology c. Nephrology D. Haematology |
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| 305 | Which substance is in higher concentration in blood than in glomerular filtrate? A. Urea B. Plasma proteins c. water D. Glucose |
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| 306 | Choose the correct answers from the following given. The mammalian excretory system involves all of the following except A. reabsorption of high molecular weight proteins from the glomerular filtrate B. active transport of chloride ions from the filtrate into the peritubular tissues c. release of nitrogenous wastes into the intestines D. hormonal control of permeability of walls in various excretory tubules |
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| 307 | Correct order of excretory organs in cockroach, earthworm and rabbits are respectively A. Skin, malpighian tubules, kidney B. Malpighian tubules, nephridia, kidney c. Nephridia, malpighian tubules, kidney D. Nephridia, kidney, green gland |
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| 308 | Find the correct answers about glomerular filtrate 1. Formed continuouslythrough ultrafiltration of blood 2. Lipid free fluid collects in the lumen of Bowmans capsule 3. Protein free fluid collects in the lumen of Bowmans capsule 4. Formed by process of selective reabsorption. A .1,2,3 correct B. 1,2 correct c. ( 2,4, ) correct D. 1,3 correct |
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| 309 | Choose the most appropriate answer; Kidneys are excretory organs in A. All chordates B. Only mammals C. Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians D. Mammals, Reptiles and Birds |
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| 310 | Part not belonging to uriniferous tubule is A . Glomerulus B. Henle’s loop c. Distal convoluted tubule D. connecting tubule |
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| 311 | Bowman’s glands are located in the A. Proximal end of coniferous tubules B. Anterior pituitary C. Female reproductive system of cockroach D. Olfactory epithelium of nose |
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| 312 | Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given The maintenance of internal conditions of an organism within a certain boundary range is called A. evolution B. metabolism c. adaptation D. homeostasis |
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| 313 | Urine is always fluid except in A. Birds B. Humans c. Amphibians D. Mammals |
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| 314 | What is the characteristic of metanephric kidney? A. Hypotonic urine production B. Excess secretion of uric acid c. Loop of Henle D. Hormone production |
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| 315 | The filtrate from the glomerulus contains A. Urea and uric acid B. Urea, uric acid and ammonia c. Urea, uric acid, ammonia and water D. Urea, uric acid, glucose and water |
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| 316 | Which one of the following is correct with reference to haemodialysis? A. Absorbs and resends excess of ions B. The dialysis unit has a coiled cellophane tube C. Blood is pumped back through a suitable artery after haemodialysis D. Anti-heparin is added prior to haemodialysis |
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| 317 | a) The diagram below shows the excretory system of a human being. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow. i) Name the parts labelled 1,2,3 and 4 ii) Give the main function of the parts labelled 5,6,7 and 8 iii) Name the endocrine gland which could be added in the diagram and state its location/position. |
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| 318 | ADH deficiency shows the following condition A. Only polydipsia B. Polyuria c. Polydipsia and polyuria D. Glucosuria |
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| 319 | Which terms for ( P, Q, R, S, T, U, ) and ( V ) will make the following paragraph true? The human excretory system consists of kidneys, ureters, ( _{-}-P_{–} ) and ( _{-}-Q ) The ( _{–} R_{–} ) brings the dirty blood into kidneys. Kidneys remove the poisonous substances urea, salt and extra water from the body. The cleaned blood is carried away from the kidneys by ( S_{–} cdot_{–} T_{–} ) is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the ( _{–} U_{–} ) The urine collected in the bladder is passed out of the body through the ( mathbf{V}_{–} ) A. P- -bladder; Q-urethra; R_renal artery; S-renal vein; Tureters; U-bladder; V-urethra B. P- bladder; Q-urethra; R_renal vein; S-renal artery; Tureters; U-bladder; V-urethra c. P- bladder; Q-urethra; R_renal artery; S-venacava; Tureters; U-bladder; V-urethra D. None of these |
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| 320 | DCT lies close to: A. PCT of the same nephron B. PCT of a different nephron C. Glomerulus of the same nephron D. Glomerulus of a different nephron |
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| 321 | Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined with A. Cuboidal epithelium B. Simple brush border epithelium c. simple cuboidal brush border epithelium D. Simple ciliated brush border epithelium E. Columnar epithelium |
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| 322 | In kidney, the high capillary bed is found A. In Bowman’s capsule B. Around anterior tubules c. Around loop of Henle D. Absent |
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| 323 | The hormone ADH is released from the A. Adenohypophysis B. Neurohypophysis c. Adrenal gland D. None of the above |
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| 324 | The filtration units of kidney are called as A . Ureter B. Urethra c. Neurons D. Nephrons |
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| 325 | Which of the following statements are correct? (i) Glucose has a high threshold value. (ii) Urine is concentrated in Henle’s loop. (iii) Haemodialyser removes urea, uric acid, glucose and plasma proteins. (iv) In glomerulus, urea, uric acid, water, glucose and plasma proteins are filtered out. A . (i), (iii) and (iv) B. (ii), (iii) and (iv) c. (i) and (ii) D. (i) and (iii) |
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| 326 | Draw excretory system in human beings and label the following organs of excretory system which perform following functions. (i) form urine (ii) is a long tube which collects urine from kidney (iii) store urine until it is passed out |
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| 327 | Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. Ammonia is converted into urea in………. |
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| 328 | In mammalian kidney, Henle’s loop is present in A. cortex B. Caput epididymis c. Medulla D. Ureter |
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| 329 | Maximum absorption of water in mammals is in A. Lung B. skin c. Kidney D. Small intestine |
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| 330 | Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism. |
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| 331 | Explain the temporary and permanent methods to be adopted for kidney failure (ESRD) persons. |
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| 332 | Name the organs that form the excretory system in human beings. |
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| 333 | What will happen if one kidney is removed from the body of a human being? A. Death due to poisoning B. Uremia and death c. Stoppage of urination D. The person will survive |
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| 334 | The opening of the urinary bladder is A. Nephron B. Ureter c. Urethra D. Nephridia |
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| 335 | The excretory system of human beings includes a pair of …………, a pair of ( ldots . . . . . . . ) a and a ………… which helps in the filtration of blood. A. Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra B. Urethra, ureters, urinary bladder, kidneys C. Kidneys, urethra, ureters, urinary bladder D. Kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, urethra |
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| 336 | The characteristic(s) common to urea, uric acid, and ammonia is/are (i) They are nitrogenous wastes. (ii) They all need a very large amount of water for excretion. (iii) They are all equally toxic. (iv) They are produced in the kidneys. A. (i), (ii) and (iv) B. (i) only c. (i) and (iii) D. (i) and (iv) |
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| 337 | Presence of RBC in urine is known as A. Hematuria B. Urolithiasis c. Nephritis D. Proteinuria |
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| 338 | Glomerulus occurs in …………………. capsule. A. Bowman’s B. Kreb’s C. Pacinian D. None of the above |
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| 339 | Macula densa is found in A. Internal ear B. Kidney c. Liver D. spleen |
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| 340 | Which one of the following is a part of a renal pyramid? A. Peritubular capillaries B. convoluted tubules c. collecting ducts D. All of the above |
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| 341 | Ammonia is converted into urea in A. Kidney B. Spleen c. Liver D. Nephron |
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| 342 | Bertin are extensions of A. Hilum in pelvis B. Medulla in pelvis c. Medulla in cortex D. cortex in medulla |
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| 343 | Which is present in the kidney? A . Glomerulus B. Neurons c. Middle kidney duct D. Nephridia |
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| 344 | Describe Malpighian body. Explain its role in urine formation. | 11 |
| 345 | Glomerular capillaries are times more permeable to water A . 5000 B. 6000 ( c .9000 ) D. 10,000 |
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| 346 | Sweat contains A. Urea B. Water c. Sodium chloride D. All of the above |
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| 347 | Excessive thirst leading to increased consumption of water is A. Polyurea B. Glycemia c. Polyphagia D. Polydipsia |
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| 348 | Ciliated funnels found on the ventral side of kidney in Frog are A. Ostia B. Nephrostomes c. Bidders organs D. Corpora adiposa |
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| 349 | A person who is not taking food or beverages will have in urine A. Little glucose B. Less urea c. Excess urea D. Little fat |
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| 350 | Excretory product of spider is A. Ammonia B. Uric acid C. Guanine D. All the above |
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| 351 | Artificial kidney contains a number of tubes with a ( ldots . . . . . . . . ) lining, suspended in the tank filled with dialysing fluid. A. Permeable B. Semi permeable c. Impermeable D. None of the above |
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| 352 | Following are four statements. Find out the correct combination. . Glucose has high threshold value. 2. Urine is concentrated in Henles loop. 3. Haemodialyser removes urea, uric acid, glucose and proteins. 4. In glomerulus, urea, uric acid, water, glucose and plasma proteins are filtered out ( mathbf{A} cdot 1,3,4 ) в. 2,3,4 ( c .1,2 ) D. 1,3 |
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| 353 | Haemodialysis is also called artificial A . Liver B. Lung c. Heart D. Kidney |
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| 354 | Define excretion. | 11 |
| 355 | What will the course of action if a person goes through a kidney failure |
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| 356 | Which of the following statements are false? (i) Outer cortex and inner medulla are the two zones in kidney. (ii) Medulla is divided into few renal pyramids. (iii) Pyramid projects into calyx. (iv) Inward extension of cortex between the pyramids is called renal column of Bertini. A. (i) and (iv) B. (ii) and (iv) c. (ii) and (iii) D. None of these |
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| 357 | pH of human urine is ( A cdot 9 ) B. 6 ( c cdot 4 ) D. 3 |
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| 358 | Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation? A. When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed B. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release C. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II D. During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation the release of ADH is suppressed |
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| 359 | The urine is A. Hypotonic to blood and isotonic to medullary fluid B. Hypertonic to blood and isotonic to medullary fluid C. Isotonic to blood and hypotonic to medullary fluid D. Isotonic to blood and hypertonic to medullary fluid |
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| 360 | A condition of failure of function of kidney to form urine is A. Creatinine B. Hematuria c. Anuria D. Alkaptonuria |
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| 361 | What is tubular secretion? Name the substances secreted through the renal tubules. |
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| 362 | What is Glycosuria and Ketonuria? Explain. | 11 |
| 363 | Very short answer type. Name the exact part of the uriniferous tubule which is directly influenced by ADH. |
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| 364 | The mechanism of urine formation in nephron involves A. (i)- Glomerular filtration (i)- Reabsorption, (ii) Secretion, (iv)- Excretion B. (i)- Glomerular filtration (ii)- Secretion, (ii)Reabsorption, (iv)- Excretion c. (i)- secretion (ii)- Reabsorption, (ii)- Glomerular filtration, (iv)- Excretion D. (i)- Glomerular filtration (ii)- Reabsorption, (ii) Excretion (iv)- Secretion |
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| 365 | The entire volume of the blood is filtered by kidneys – – ( – ) – times a day. A. Once B. 5 ( c cdot 100 ) D. 60 |
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| 366 | Animals return water to the environment by (i) Perspiring (ii) Drinking (iii) Urinating (iv) Breathing A. (i), (iii) and (iv) B. (i) and (ii) c. (i) and (iii) D. (iii) and (iv) |
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| 367 | Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned in brackets : (i) Photolysis and Photophosphorylation (Definition) (ii) Bicuspid valve and Tricuspid valve. (Function) (iii) Vasectomy and Tubectomy. (Explain) (iv) Cerebrum and Spinal cord. (Arrangement of nerve cells) (v) Bowman’s capsule and Malpighian capsule. (Parts included) |
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| 368 | Assertion : Phenylketonuria is a recessive hereditary disease caused by the body’s failure to oxidize an amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine, because of a defective enzyme Reason : It results in the presence of phenylalanine in the urine |
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| 369 | The diagram given is that of a structure present in a human kidney. Study the same and answer the question that follow. a. What is the fluid that comes to part 2 called? b. Name the main nitrogenous waste in ¡t. |
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| 370 | Write short notes on Hemodialysis | 11 |
| 371 | ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic. A. True B. False |
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| 372 | What is Juxtaglomerular apparatus? | 11 |
| 373 | In hepatitis yellowing of urine is due to A. Bilirubin B. Bile salts c. Pancreatic juices D. sperms |
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| 374 | Which one of the following is present in the renal pyramid A. Peritubular capillary B. convoluted tubules c. collecting ducts D. Both A and C |
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| 375 | Terrestrial animals must A. Excrete large amounts of urine B. Conserve water C. Actively pump out salts through skin D. Excrete large amount of salts in urine |
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| 376 | In the case of renal failure and uraemia which one of the following is employed? A. Kindey replacement B. Lithotripsy c. Haemodialysis D. Kidney removal |
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| 377 | Ketosis is due to A. High insulin level B. Low insulin level C. Low thyroxine level D. Low level of glucagon |
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| 378 | Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. The network of capillaries, enclosed in a Bowmans capsule is called |
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| 379 | In public urinals, the urine on standing gives a pungent smell due to A. Conversion of both urea and uric acid into ammonia B. Conversion of uric acid into ammonia by ornithine cycle c. conversion of urea into ammonia by bacteria D. None of the above |
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| 380 | Juxta-glomerular apparatus is made up of A. Juxta-glomerular cell, macula densa and lacis cell B. Juxta-glomerular cell, Purkinjee cell and chief cell C. Juxta-glomerular cell, lacis cell and myoepithelial cell D. Juxta-glomerular cell, macula densa and argentaffin cell |
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| 381 | Under low glomerular blood flow, juxta glomerular cells release A. Angiotensin I B. Angiotensin I c. Aldosterone D. Renin |
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| 382 | Match the excretory organs listed under column I with the animals given under column II and select the correct option. Column I (Excretory organs) A. Nephridia ( quad ) (i) ( quad ) Hydra Malpighian ( quad ) (ii) ( quad ) Leech B. tubules C. Protonephridia (iii) Shark D. Kidneys (iv) ( quad ) Roundworms (v) Cockroach A. A-(ii), B-(v), C-(iv), D-(iii) B. A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(v) c. ( A-(v), B-(text { ii) }, C-(i v), D-( text { iii) } ) D. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(v), D-(i) |
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| 383 | Mammals and terrestrial amphibians mainly excrete urea and are called | 11 |
| 384 | In which part uriniferous tubule, ( boldsymbol{N} boldsymbol{a}^{+} ) passes out A. Descending loop of Henle B. Collecting tubule c. Ascending loop of Henle D. None of the above |
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| 385 | Where are Malpighian corpuscles seen? A. Medulla B. Cortex c. Pelvis D. Pyramid |
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| 386 | In Amoeba, ( N H_{3} ) is excreted through A. Food vacuole B. Plasma membrane c. contractile vacuole D. All of the above |
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| 387 | Explain the internal structure of kidney? | 11 |
| 388 | In which one of the following organisms its excretory organs are correctly stated? A. Frog – kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium B. Human – kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands c. Earthworm – pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia D. cockroach – Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca |
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| 389 | The cells named podocytes occur in A. Inner wall of Bowman’s capsule B. Outer wall of Bowmans capsule C . Large intestine D. Neck region of nephrons |
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| 390 | Renal physiology was described by A. Ludwiggsgigg B. Krebs c. walter D. Claude |
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| 391 | Nitrogenous waste in the Malpighian tubule flows into A. Haemocoel B. Vacuole c. Intestine D. Duodenum |
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| 392 | Find out the correct labeling A. a – Nephron, b – Cortex, c- Medulla, d- Pelvis, e – Ureter B. a – Cortex, b – Nephron, c- Pelvis, d- Medulla, e- – Ureter C. a – Cortex, b – Medulla, c- Nephron, d- Pelvis, e- Ureter D. a – Nephron, b – cortex, c- Medulla, d- Ureter, e – Pelvis |
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| 393 | Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is to water whereas, the descending limb is ( ldots ldots . . . . . . . ) to it. |
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| 394 | Prepare four questions you will ask a nephrologist about kidney failure. | 11 |
| 395 | Main function of glomerulus is A. Reabsorption of water B. Filtration of urine c. Reabsorption of ( N a^{text {t }} ) D. concentration of urine |
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| 396 | Q Type your question- nuticy. uuuy ur uiagial carefully and answer the questions that follow: (i) Label the parts numbered 1 to 4 (iii) Why does part’ ‘2’ have striped appearance? (iiii) What is the fluid that passes down part ‘ 4 ‘? Name the main nitrogenous waste present in it. (iv) Mention the structural and functional units of kidneys. ( (v) ) Name the two major steps in the formation of the fluid mentioned in ( (boldsymbol{i} boldsymbol{i} boldsymbol{i}) ) |
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| 397 | The following substances are the excretory products in animals. Choose the least toxic from among them. A. Urea B. Uric acid c. Ammonia D. Carbon dioxide |
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